Abstract
Mantle plumes are chemically and lithologically heterogeneous, as reflected by the range of compositions observed in ocean island basalts (OIB). Some plume-derived volcanics may also record compositional differences between the main volcano-building (shield) stage and post-erosional volcanism. Although these temporal variations have generally been attributed to a shift in the nature of the source, variations in its chemical and lithological components remain debated. Here we present new thallium (Tl) isotope measurements in OIB lavas from Taha‘a in the Society Islands, along with major elements, radiogenic isotopes and trace element ratios. We show that older (3.4–2.6 Ma) shield lavas exhibit correlations between radiogenic Sr and Pb isotope values, Nb anomalies, Ce/Pb, and Tl isotopic compositions. These correlations are consistent with recycled continentally derived sediment in most shield stage lavas with a lesser influence from subduction-modified old altered oceanic crust (AOC). In comparison, young (1.4–1.1 Ma) post-erosional lavas are characterized by unradiogenic Sr and Pb isotopes, positive Nb anomalies, and very light Tl isotopes. The mantle source of these lavas carries “young HIMU” (i.e. high U/Pb that has resided <1 billion years in the mantle) characteristics and can be explained by recycling of subduction modified AOC in the mantle source with a relatively short residence time in the mantle prior to plume eruption at the surface.
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