This is an outdated version published on 2025-09-15. Read the most recent version.

Uninformed Consent in TTRPGs: Communicating Expectations to Avoid Nightmare Game Master Horror Stories

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33063/ijrp.vi16.642

Keywords:

game master, tabletop role-playing games, communication, consent, safety, boundaries, violation

Abstract

This article offers a qualitative analysis of social media such as Reddit, TikTok, Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube regarding the abuse of power by a dungeonmaster (DM) in tabletop role-playing game (TTRPG) gameplay. It uses NVivo to analyze stories documenting “nightmare dungeonmasters” (NDMs) in order to better understand what players mean by that term. The data is coded for themes such as power, abuse, boundaries, and consent. The first half of the article deploys critical discourse analysis regarding passive/informed consent and the violation/maintenance of social boundaries at the TTRPG table. The second half of the article aligns the stories related in the first half with safety tools that are seen as applicable for avoiding NDM behaviors and their correspondingly negative gaming experiences. Tools are sourced both from this primary research and also from a literature review. The spirit of ethical research within the gaming community serves its reader by supplying them with a better understanding of NDM phenomena, as well as safety tools that can be employed on behalf of player boundaries.

References

Thespian_. 2021. “The Tale of the Sci-fi and Combat Obsessed Dungeon Master (part 1).” Reddit, September 20. Link here.

Axner, Johannes. 2012. “GMing Nordic Freeform: A Beginners’ Guide.” Nordiclarp.org. Link here.

b3llamor3lla. 2022. “Dungeon Master Deals UNREAL Damage Only to Players Absent From Table.” Reddit, March 17. Link here.

Bisogno, Ben. 2022. “No Gods, No Masters: An Overview of Unfacilitated ‘GMless’ Design Frameworks.” Japanese Journal of Analog Role-Playing Game Studies 3: 70-81.

Braun, Virginia, and Victoria Clarke. 2019. “Reflecting on Reflexive Thematic Analysis.” Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health 11 (4): 589–597. Link here.

Braun, Virginia, and Victoria Clarke. 2020. “One Size Fits All? What Counts as Quality Practice in (Reflexive) Thematic Analysis? Qualitative Research in Psychology 18 (3), 328–352. Link here.

Bowman, Sarah Lynne. 2013. “Social Conflict in Role-playing Communities: An Exploratory Qualitative Study.” International Journal of Role-Playing 4: 17-18. Link here.

BunnySar. 2021. “What Could There Be More Worst Than a Simp DM?” Reddit, November 20. Link here.

Chatterjee, Bradford, Danielle Harper, Erik Mona, Liz Spain, Cat Tobin, and Ivan Van Norman. 2017. “PAX Unplugged 2017 - The Art of the Table: GMing Beyond the Basics.” Dubl Day. YouTube, November 18.

Connell, Megan. 2023. Tabletop Role-Playing Therapy: A Guide for the Clinician Game Master. W. W. Norton & Company.

Dashiell, Steven. 2022. “DM Habitus: The Social Dispositions of Game Mastering in Dungeons & Dragons.” Japanese Journal of Analog Role-Playing Game Studies 3: 3-13.

Dr_Frog_MD. 2023. “DM Ruins Campaign With His Disgusting Mary Sue DMPC Out of Spite.” Reddit, April 12. Link here.

dungeonsandminis. 2019. “AITA for Buying our Dungeon Master New Ninis for Dungeons and Dragons?” Reddit, November 22. Link here.

Edwards, Ron. 2001. “GNS and Other Matters of Role-playing Theory, Chapter 6.” The Forge, October 14. Link here.

Fine, Gary Alan. 1983. Shared Fantasy: Role-Playing Games as Social Worlds. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Foucault, Michel. 2002. The Archaeology of Knowledge. 2nd ed. Routledge. Link here.

Günthner, Susanne. 2008. “Interactional Sociolinguistics.” In Handbook of Interpersonal Communication, edited by Gerd Antos and Eija Ventola, 53–76. Link here.

KefkaSircus. 2019. “The DM Literally Countered Half the Party.” Reddit, January 24. Link here.

Kemper, Jonaya, Eleanor Saitta, and Johanna Koljonen. 2020. “Steering for Survival.” In What Do We Do When We Play?, edited by Eleanor Saitta, Johanna Koljonen, Jukka Särkijärvi, Anne Serup Grove, Pauliina Männistö, & Mia Makkonen. Helsinki: Solmukohta.

Lasley, Joe. 2020. “An Examination of Gaming Environments in Dungeons and Dragons Groups.” PhD diss., University of San Diego Digital USD. Link here.

Mandall, Ben, Amber Eagar, Eric Mona, Jess Hartley, Ross Cowman, Jeff Fasenfest. 2013. “PAX 2013 - The Art of the Table: GMing Beyond the Basics Panel.” Mmoreporternetwork. YouTube, September 12.

MarionberrySouth6010. 2022. “The Nightmare DM Saga Continues: The Player Days.” Reddit, November 19. Link here.

Minigiant2709. 2020. “Becoming Pregnant was Just ONE THING.” Reddit, June 30. Link here.

N.a. 2019. “All Aboard The Dragon Age Railroad.” Reddit, November 7. Link here.

N.a. 2021. “DM Brings on-again-off-again Lover into Online Campaign as ‘DMPC’ and It’s Been Hell. (Minor Spoilers for Curse of Strahd).” Reddit, October 6. Link here.

N.a. 2022. “Toxic DM or Is It Me?” Reddit, February 8. Link here.

Pettersson, Juhana. 2020. “Know Yourself.” In What Do We Do When We Play?, edited by Eleanor Saitta, Johanna Koljonen, Jukka Särkijärvi, Anne Serup Grove, Pauliina Männistö, & Mia Makkonen. Helsinki: Solmukohta.

Reynolds, Sean K., and Shanna Germain. 2019. Consent in Gaming. Seattle, WA: Monte Cook Games.

Rubber_ducky25. 2020. “Controlling PC Becomes DM, Makes Me Decide to Quit D&D Group.” Reddit, May 19. Link here.

ryanxwonbin. 2020. “The Most Toxic and Controlling DM I Didn’t Even Get to Play With!” Reddit, February 2. Link here.

Senior-Meat-5671. 2023. “I Told the GM’s Gf to Refrain from Treading on Other People’s Toes and Now I’m Not Welcome in my Usual DnD Server Anymore (Extra Extra Extra Long).” Reddit, September 16. Link here.

St. Jacques, Nicholas, and Samuel Tobin. 2020. “Death Rules: A Survey and Analysis of PC Death in Tabletop Role-Playing Games.” Japanese Association for Role-Playing Game Studies 1: 20-27.

TheGreatMightyFool. 2023. “AITA For Inadvertently Driving Off My Dungeon Master?.” Reddit, April 26. Link here.

ThrowawayfanficDM. 2023. “Controlling DM Writes Fan-fiction about my D&D Character and Copies my Campaign.” Reddit, February 12. Link here.

tom04cz. 2023. “DM Tries to Make DMPC the Main Character Twice, Quits Campaign When Railroad Fails.” Reddit, January 30. Link here.

White, William J., Nicolas LaLone, Nicholas Mizer. 2022. “At the Head of the Table: The TRPG GM as Dramatistic Agent.” Japanese Journal of Analog Role-Playing Game Studies 3: 46-58.

Yamamoto, Mahisa. 2021. “A Case Study on Effective Scenario Writing and Session Management Employing Call of Cthulhu TRPG in Peace Education for Adults.” Japanese Association for Role-Playing Game Studies 2: 22-30.

Downloads

Published

2025-09-15

Versions

How to Cite

Femia, G. (2025). Uninformed Consent in TTRPGs: Communicating Expectations to Avoid Nightmare Game Master Horror Stories. International Journal of Role-Playing, (16), 34–45. https://doi.org/10.33063/ijrp.vi16.642